feat: add data_converter_utils, field_type_utils, file_type and decim…

[lszskye]

Purpose

Introduce utility classes for data type conversion, field type introspection, file type classification, and decimal operations.

Changes

DataConverterUtils: Provides bidirectional converters between string values and BinaryRow fields

FieldTypeUtils: Utility for FieldType, e.g., integer type checking, scale comparison

FileType: Enum class defining file types: kMeta, kData, kBucketIndex, kGlobalIndex, kFileIndex.

DecimalUtils: validates Arrow decimal type constraints

Tests

• DataConverterUtilsTest
• FieldTypeUtilsTest
• FileTypeTest
• DecimalUtilsTest

[leaves12138]

Thanks for the migration. I found one blocker in DataConverterUtils: non-legacy partition string conversion for negative FLOAT/DOUBLE values uses scientific notation because the fixed-format branch only accepts positive values. This breaks round-trip/path compatibility for negative floating partition values.

[leaves12138]

This condition should use the magnitude rather than the signed value. As written, negative values such as -233.0 or -467.66472 take the scientific branch and are emitted as -2.33E2 / -4.6766472E2, while positive values in the same range are emitted in fixed decimal form. That makes CreateBinaryRowFieldToStringConverter fail to round-trip negative FLOAT/DOUBLE partition values and can produce Java-incompatible partition path names. Please use std::abs(value) for the range check and add negative float/double coverage.